с заданием.The United Nations Organization
“Membership in the United Nations is open to all
peace-loving states which accept the obligations of
the Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are willing and able to carry out these obligations.”
Article 4, Chapter 2, United Nations Charter
The name “United Nations”, coined by United States President
Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the “Declaration by United
Nations” of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.
States first established international organizations to cooperate on
specific matters. In 1899, the International Peace Conference was held
in the Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully,
preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902.
The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations,
an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First
World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to
promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security”.
The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the
Second World War.
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the
United Nations Conference on International Organization to the United Nations Charter. The United Nations was established on 24 October
1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation
in the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals 189 countries.
All UN Member States are represented in the General Assembly —
a kind of parliament of nations, which meets to consider the world’s
most pressing problems. Each Member State has one vote. Decisions
on “important matters”, such as international peace and security, ad233
mitting new members, the UN budget and the budget for peacekeeping, are decided by two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by
simple majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made to reach
decisions through consensus, rather than by taking a formal vote.
The Assembly holds its annual regular session from September to
December. When necessary, it may resume its session, or hold a special
or emergency session on subjects of particular concern. When the Assembly is not meeting, its six main committees, other subsidiary bodies
and the UN Secretariat carry out its work.

10. Put the names of organizations and events mentioned in the text in chronological order.

The Declaration by United Nations

The Permanent Court of Arbitration

The International Peace Conference

The United Nations

The League of Nations

The Treaty of Versailles

208

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miirko777

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