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the role of english in the 21 century
the world is in transition, and the english language will take new forms. the language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contacts with other languag¬es and the changing communication needs of people.
english is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations as more people realize that english is not the property of only a few countries. instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities. it belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
the widespread use of english as a language of wider communication will continue to exert pressure toward global uniformity. this could result in declining standards, lan¬guage changes, and the loss of geolinguistic diversity.
on the other hand, because english is the vehicle for international communication and because it forms the basis for constructing cultural identities, many local varieties could instead develop. this trend may lead to fragmentation of the language and threaten the role of english as a lingua franca. however, there have always been major differences between varieties of english.
there is no reason to believe that any other lan¬guage will appear within the next fifty years to replace english. however, it is possible that english will not keep its monopoly in the xxi century. rather, a small number of languages may form an oligopoly - each with a special area of influence. for example, spanish is rising because of expanding trade and the increase of the latino popu¬lation in the united states. this could create a bilingual english-spanish region.
a language shift, in which individuals change their linguistic allegiances, is another possibility. these shifts are slow and difficult to predict. but within the next fifty years, substantial language shifts could occur as economic development affects more countries. because of these shifts in allegiance, more languages may disappear. those remaining will rapidly get more native speakers. this in¬cludes english.
internal migration and urbanization may restructure areas, thereby creating communities where english be¬comes the language of interethnic communication - a neutral language.
while languages such as english, german, and french have become international languages because of their governments' political powers, this is less likely to be the case in the xxi century where economics and demograph¬ics will have more influence on languages.

Написала я о : джордже уо́кере буше                                                   на george walker bush (eng. george walker bush [ˈdʒɔrdʒ ˈwɔːkər ˈbʊʃ]; july 6, 1946, new haven, connecticut, usa) is an american politician of the republican party, the 43rd president of the united states in the years 2001-2009, the governor of texas from 1995 to 2000.the son of the 41st u.s. president, george u. bush, also known as george w. bush. he graduated from yale university in 1968, the business school of harvard university in 1975. served in the air national guard from 1968 to 1974. in 1994 was elected governor of texas in 1998, re-elected for a second term. in 2000 he won the presidential election in effect at the time vice-president al gore.a few months after joining bush in the post 11 september 2001 in the united states has been a series of major terrorist attacks, in response to which bush declared a global "war against terrorism". in the same year the u.s. invaded afghanistan in 2003 in iraq. in addition to national security issues, bush held a series of reforms in health, education and welfare, has seriously reduced the taxes.in 2004, bush was successfully re-elected to a second term, defeating a democratic senator john kerry. in 2005, the bush administration was criticized for mismanagement in a crisis situation caused by hurricane katrina.[3][4][5] in december 2007, the united states entered the largest since world war ii recession,[6] which forced the presidential administration to intervene more actively in the economy, implementing a set of measures to stimulate its growth.although bush was a popular president during his first term, his second rating has steadily declined. in 2009, as president, he was replaced by barack obama. bush returned to texas, currently engaged in public activities. in 2010 he published his memoirs, which were published in the publishing house of the crown under the title of "turning points". the book topped the bestseller lists. in russia memoirs bush published[7] in september 2011 publisher olma media group.                                            на джордж уо́кер буш (. george walker bush [ˈdʒɔrdʒ ˈwɔːkər ˈbʊʃ]; 6 июля 1946, нью-хэйвен, штат коннектикут, сша) — американский политик-республиканец, 43-й президент сша в 2001—2009 годах, губернатор штата техас с 1995 по 2000 год.сын 41-го президента сша джорджа г. у. буша, также известен как джордж буш-младший. окончил йельский университет в 1968 году, бизнес-школу гарвардского университета — в 1975 году. на службе в ввс национальной гвардии с 1968 по 1974 год. в 1994 году избран губернатором техаса, в 1998 году — переизбран на второй срок. в 2000 году победил на президентских выборах действовавшего на тот момент вице-президента альберта гора.через несколько месяцев после вступления буша в должность 11 сентября 2001 года в сша произошла серия крупных терактов, в ответ на которые буш объявил «войну против терроризма». в том же году сша вторглись в афганистан, в 2003 году — в ирак. в дополнение к вопросам национальной безопасности, буш провёл ряд реформ в области здравоохранения, образования и социального обеспечения, серьёзно сократил налоги.в 2004 году буш успешно переизбрался на второй срок, одержав победу над сенатором-демократом джоном керри. в 2005 году администрация буша подверглась критике за неумелое в кризисной ситуации, вызванной ураганом катрина.[3][4][5] в декабре 2007 года сша вступили в крупнейшую со времён второй мировой войны рецессию,[6] что вынудило президентскую администрацию активней вмешиваться в , претворяя комплекс мер для стимулирования её роста.хотя буш был популярным президентом на протяжении первого своего срока, во втором его рейтинг постоянно снижался. в 2009 году на посту президента его сменил барак обама. буш вернулся в техас, в настоящее время занимается общественной деятельностью. в 2010 году опубликовал свои мемуары, которые вышли в издательстве crown под названием «поворотные моменты». книга сразу возглавила списки бестселлеров. в россии мемуары буша опубликовало[7] в сентябре 2011 года издательство олма медиа групп.