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28.06.2022 10:30

Английский язык

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Заполните пропуски недостающими по смыслу словами, используя текст: 1. manufacture system designed to extend the capacity of machines is called… .2. automated manufacture arose out of division of … and … of the factory.3. the division of labor is, the reduction of a manufacturing or serviceprocess into its smallest … steps.4. another step necessary in the development of automation was … .5. as a result of the development of power transfer specialized machineswere … and their production efficiency was improved.6. the development of … technology also gave rise to the factory system ofproduction.7. the transfer machine is a device used to move a … from one specializedmachine tool to another.8. industrial robots were originally designed only to perform … tasks.9. the goal of the … … system was to make automobiles available to peoplewho previously could not afford them. text bautomation automation is a system of manufacture designed to extend the capacity ofmachines to perform certain tasks formerly done by humans, and to controlsequences of operations without human intervention. the term automation hasalso been used to describe nonmanufacturing systems in which programmed orautomatic devices can operate independently or nearly independently of humancontrol. in the fields of communications, aviation, and astronautics, for example,such devices as automatic telephone switching equipment, automatic pilots, andautomated guidance and control systems are used to perform various operationsmuch faster or better than could be accomplished by humans.elements of automation automated manufacture arose out of the intimate relationship of sucheconomic forces and technical innovations as the division of labor, power transferand the mechanization of the factory, and the development of transfer machinesand feedback systems as explained below. he division of labor (that is, thereduction of a manufacturing or service process into its smallest independentsteps) developed in the latter half of the 18th century and was first discussed bythe british economist adam smith in his book an inquiry into the nature andcauses of the wealth of nations (1776). in manufacturing, the division of laborresults in increased production and a reduction in the level of skills required ofworkers. mechanization was the next step necessary in the development ofautomation. the simplification of work made possible by the division of laboralso made it possible to design and build machines that duplicated the motions ofthe worker. as the technology of power transfer evolved, these specializedmachines were motorized and their production efficiency was improved. thedevelopment of power technology also gave rise to the factory system ofproduction, because all workers and machines had to be located near the powersource. the transfer machine is a device used to move a work piece from onespecialized machine tool to another, in such a manner as to properly position thework piece for the next machining operation. industrial robots, originallydesigned only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to humanworkers, are now extremely dexterous and are being used to transfer, manipulate,and index (that is, to position) both light and heavy workpieces, thus performingall the functions of a transfer machine. in actual practice, a number of separatemachines are integrated into what may be thought of as one large machine. in the1920s the auto industry combined these concepts into an integrated system ofproduction. the goal of this assembly-line system was to make automobilesavailable to people who previously could not afford them. this method ofproduction was adopted by most automobile manufacturers and rapidly becameknown as detroit automation. despite more recent advances, it is this system ofproduction that most people think of as automation.